What treaty established the framework for the regulation of international air transport?

The Chicago Convention of 1944 is significant because it established the foundational framework for international air transport regulation. Formally known as the Convention on International Civil Aviation, it was signed by 52 countries and laid down principles for the development of international civil aviation, promoting safe, regular, and efficient air transport, as well as ensuring the protection of the rights of states regarding their airspace.

One of the most important contributions of this convention was the establishment of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), which is responsible for coordinating and setting standards for aviation safety, security, efficiency, and environmental protection. The convention also addressed issues such as aircraft registration and air traffic management, further solidifying its influence on international aviation law.

In contrast, the other treaties mentioned serve different purposes. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 relates to the affirmation of existing legal rules for aerial warfare; the Montreal Convention of 1999 focuses on liability in cases of international air travel, particularly concerning passenger and cargo transport; while the Hague Convention of 1970 deals primarily with Hijacking and unlawful seizure of aircraft. These treaties do not provide the comprehensive regulatory framework for international air transport that the Chicago Convention does.