What should be included in the flight planning calculations?

In flight planning calculations, it is essential to account for various types of fuel to ensure the safety and efficiency of the flight. The correct choice reflects a comprehensive approach to fuel calculations, which includes reserve fuel, contingency fuel, and alternate fuel.

Reserve fuel is critical as it provides a safety margin to reach the destination, allowing for unforeseen circumstances such as changes in weather or air traffic that may require holding patterns or diversions. Contingency fuel addresses unexpected events or scenarios that could affect the flight, ensuring that pilots have additional fuel to manage deviations without risk. Alternate fuel is necessary if a landing at the destination becomes unfeasible, as it allows the aircraft to divert safely to an alternate airport.

By incorporating these three components—reserve, contingency, and alternate fuel—into flight planning, pilots and flight planners can adequately prepare for a variety of situations, thereby enhancing passenger safety and operational reliability. The other options do not encompass the full range of fuel requirements necessary for optimal flight planning, which can lead to inadequacies in meeting regulatory and safety standards.