What is the effect of a bilateral air transport agreement between two countries?

A bilateral air transport agreement between two countries primarily serves to regulate air traffic rights between those nations. These agreements delineate the terms under which airlines from each country can operate flights to and from the other country, including the specifics of frequency, capacity, and routes. By establishing these rights, the agreement fosters cooperation in civil aviation, promotes competition among airlines, and enhances connectivity between the participating nations.

Such agreements are essential for ensuring that air services are reliable and safe, and they create a legal framework that governs how airlines can operate across borders. Without such regulation, airlines might face uncertainties regarding operational permissions, which could hinder international air travel and commerce. Thus, the correct answer highlights the significance of these agreements in facilitating and regulating international air transportation.