What is required for a pilot to obtain an instrument rating?

To obtain an instrument rating, a pilot must demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of instrument flight rules and the necessary skills to operate an aircraft in such conditions. This involves passing a written exam that tests knowledge of regulations, weather, navigation, and aircraft systems pertinent to instrument flying. Additionally, the pilot must complete specific flight training under the guidance of a certified instructor.

The culmination of this training is the demonstration of proficiency, where the pilot must successfully execute various flight maneuvers and procedures solely by reference to instruments. This is crucial as an instrument rating allows pilots to fly in a wider range of weather conditions and is essential for safety and compliance with aviation regulations.

The other options do not encompass the full requirements of earning an instrument rating. A university degree in aviation is not a prerequisite, nor is it sufficient to only pass a written exam and undergo a background check. Furthermore, receiving a recommendation from airport authorities is also not a part of the official requirements for obtaining an instrument rating. Therefore, the specified combination of passing the written exam, completing training, and demonstrating flight proficiency is essential for becoming instrument-rated.